After some more experimentation:
* Once you have generated the primary toroidal manifold the rest is almost trivial, After playing with standard torii, circular closed sweeps and guided helices I found that a simple cylinder, out of the box, can be used. Add a suitable axial twist of n°, a bend of m° plus optional tapered ends to form an annular object. This results in a torus with a rotated and scaled sweep.
* This surface then can be populated with balls / spheres of fitting diameters. If these diameters are an arithmetic or geometric series is, of course, unimportant.
Some fine-tuning is needed for an optimised model.

There are some misfits / glitches in my example. Sections, radii, etc must be
precisely synchronisd to give a clean topology. Note that all objects and modifiers are "out of the box". You can animate any of these parameters to simulate some biological (?) growth process. Editing particle order and the sequence of the spherical particles obviously alters the topology of the particle mesh.
* What must be added to my suggestion: The density of the mesh (controlling the placements of the particles of the PM) must be somehow editable. A hand-knitted cylinder, extruded from a custom circle with points inserted where required (probably at logarithmic angular intervals), should solve this.

BTW: Thanks for the question!
This was good fun and finding a solution (well, partial) was an interesting challenge.